How To Pronounce Reference

reference

UK
Phonemic
/ˈref.ər.əns/or/ˈref.rəns/
Phonetic
[ˈref.ər.ə̃ns]
US
Phonemic
/ˈref.rəns/

In British English, reference is pronounced /ˈref.ər.əns/ or /ˈref.rəns/. The narrow phonetic transcription is [ˈref.ər.ə̃ns]. In American English, it is pronounced /ˈref.rəns/.

Reference has three syllables, and the main stress falls on the first syllable. The British and American pronunciations are different, so listen to both.

Slashes / / show the phonemic transcription, the sounds that change meaning. Square brackets [ ] show the phonetic transcription, with the finer detail of how the sounds are actually made.

Syllables, Stress And Endings

Syllables And Stress

refərəns

Reference has three syllables in British English, and the main stress is on the first syllable, shown in colour above. Its stress pattern is Ooo, where O is the stressed syllable.

reference + -s
-s (plural, possessive or singular verb) is /ɪz/ after /s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/.
UK
/ˈref.ər.ən.sɪz/or/ˈref.rən.sɪz/
US
/ˈref.rən.sɪz/
reference + -ed
-ed (past tense or past participle) is /t/ after a voiceless consonant.
UK
/ˈref.ər.ənst/or/ˈref.rənst/
US
/ˈref.rənst/
reference + -ing
-ing is always /ɪŋ/.
UK
/ˈref.ər.ən.sɪŋ/or/ˈref.rən.sɪŋ/
US
/ˈref.rən.sɪŋ/

Questions About Reference

How do you pronounce reference in British English?

In British English, reference is pronounced /ˈref.ər.əns/ or /ˈref.rəns/. The narrow phonetic transcription is [ˈref.ər.ə̃ns].

How do you pronounce reference in American English?

In American English, reference is pronounced /ˈref.rəns/.

How many syllables are in reference?

Reference has three syllables, /ref/ + /ər/ + /əns/.

Where is the stress in reference?

The main stress is on the first syllable, /ref/.

Do British and American English pronounce reference the same way?

No. British English has /ˈref.ər.əns/ and American English has /ˈref.rəns/.

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Other Words With The Stress Pattern Ooo

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